Full-Time Faculty: Patricia B. Christian, Chair, H. James Birx, Patricia Erickson, Erin E. Robinson.


The Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Justice offers courses leading to the bachelor of arts degree in sociology, anthropology and criminal justice. Minors are also available in each of the areas.

Sociology, anthropology and criminal justice are concerned with the systematic study of behavior and human groups.  An important goal of the majors is to identify underlying, recurring patterns of and influences on social behavior.  A second goal is to provide explanations for such patterns.

The tools of sociology, anthropology and criminal justice include survey research, interviews and observations of behavior in natural settings.

A degree in sociology, anthropology or criminal justice prepares students for graduate study in sociology, anthropology, criminal justice, social work, law, education, the health-related professions, or business. Majors are prepared for jobs in many fields, including human services, law enforcement, government and business.  

Anthropology Major (H. James Birx, advisor)
Anthropology is the scientific and holistic study of humankind, including its cultural, social, linguistic, biological-evolutionary, environmental and historical dimensions. Highly interdisciplinary, it draws on methods and theories from both the social sciences and humanities.  Historically, anthropology differed from sociology by focusing on the study of non-western, small-scale societies, using long-term participant observation among the people studied. Presently, the two fields are drawing closer together, using similar methodologies and theories to understand both western and non-western societies and their interactions. In addition to preparing the student who majors in anthropology for graduate study in anthropology, students are well-prepared for careers in business, law, health-related professions and human services.


Sociology Major (Patricia B. Christian, advisor)
Sociology is the study of human behavior and of the social structures and social forces that influence human behavior. The sociologist looks beyond individual psychology and unique events to the broad patterns and regular occurrences of social life that influence our individual behavior and attitudes. For example, a sociologist might examine how women’s increased participation in the labor force has affected the distribution of tasks in the household.  The sociology major prepares students for a wide variety of careers and graduate fields, including sociology, social work, education, business and law.


Criminal Justice Major (Patricia E. Erickson, advisor)
The Criminal Justice major is designed to help students understand the complexity of dealing with crime and criminal behavior and to introduce them to the problems and stresses encountered by professionals in the field. The major is grounded in a liberal arts curriculum; it emphasizes not only how the criminal justice system has developed in its present form, but also how changes in the system affect other parts of society. In addition, the major is constructed to prepare students for a broad spectrum of occupations, including law enforcement, corrections and allied mental health. Finally, students who wish to pursue careers as lawyers can major in criminal justice and also take advantage of the college’s pre-law program.


NOTE: A comprehensive examination in the student’s major will be administered during the student’s senior year.

Other Programs
Dual Majors: Many of the department’s majors find it desirable to combine Sociology, Anthropology or Criminal Justice with a major in another department within Arts and Sciences. Recent examples have included Biology, History, Psychology, Political Science, Modern Languages and Communication Studies. The sequence of courses for dual majors is the same as for regular majors. To provide for maximum flexibility of scheduling, students interested in dual majors should consult with a member of the department to arrange their individual schedules.


Criminal Justice dual majors with sociology, psychology or political science: A dual major with Criminal Justice exists for students with an interest in two fields and seeking a combined educational program. Cross-listed courses are available to serve simultaneously as electives in both departments. Students interested in pursuing this interdisciplinary concentration are urged to consult with Dr. Erickson.  

Minor in Child, Family and Community Studies
An interdisciplinary social science minor child, family and community studies is offered through the departments of Psychology and Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Justice. More information about the minor can be obtained from Dr. Erickson (Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Justice) or Dr. Sanders (Psychology).


Internships
Many internship opportunities are available for juniors and seniors. As an urban center situated on the Niagara Frontier, Buffalo offers numerous and diverse opportunities for students to explore careers and get valuable experience, as well as connecting what they learn in the classroom with life in the “real world.”  Additionally, many alumni of the college are employed in the criminal justice system and various social service agencies, providing access to internships and employment opportunities.

Admission
Students wishing to major in Sociology, Anthropology or Criminal Justice should fill out a “Major Declaration Form” available in the department office (Old Main 014). They must also inform the registrar of their intended major.

Note: A number of courses in one major will be accepted as counting toward another major in the department. The following courses will be accepted for sociology credit:  CRJ 254 Crime and Society, CRJ 343 Law and Society, CRJ 344 Violent Crime in American Society, CRJ 354 Juvenile Delinquency and ANT 122 Sociocultural Anthropology. The following courses will count towards the criminal justice major: ANT 333, Forensic Anthropology, ANT 351, Qualitative Research Methods, SOC 342 Research Methods, SOC 355, Deviant Behavior and SOC 372, Sociology of Mental Illness.

Anthropology Curriculum:

1. ENG 101, ENG 102, PHI 101, RST 101 (4 courses) (12)
2. Area Studies: Two courses from each of these areas: III, IV, V, VI, VIII. One course from Area I (13 courses)  (39) 
3. Major course requirements: (11 courses) (33)
  ANT 121 (AS I) Physical Anthropology 
  ANT 122 (ICD) Cultural Anthropology 
  ANT 250 (LIN 250) Contemporary Linguistics 
  ANT 230 Introduction to Archaeology 
  ANT 351 Qualitative Research Methods 
  ANT 451 Theoretical Anthropology 
  Anthropology electives: five courses   
4. Free Electives (12 courses) (36)
Total   (40 courses) (120)

Recommended Schedule:


Fall              Spring       
Freshman Year      
ENG 101 3 ENG 102 3
ANT 121 3 ANT 122 3
AS 3 AS 3
AS 3 AS 3
AS 3 AS 3
Total 15 Total 15
 
Sophomore Year      
PHI 101 3 RST 101 3
ANT 250  3 ANT 230  3
AS 3 AS 3
Elective 3 ANT Elective 3
Elective 3 Elective 3
Total 15 Total 15
 
Junior Year      
ANT Elective 3 ANT Elective 3
ANT 351 3 Elective 3
AS 3 AS 3
AS 3 AS 3
Elective 3 Elective 3
Total 15 Total 15
 
Senior Year      
ANT Elective 3 ANT 451 3
ANT Elective 3 Elective 3
AS 3 Elective 3
Elective 3 Elective 3
Elective 3 Elective 3
Total 15 Total 15
    Total 120

Criminal Justice Curriculum:


1. ENG 101, ENG 102, PHI 101, RST 101 (4 courses) (12)
2. Area Studies: Two courses from each of these areas: I, III, IV, V, VI, VII, VIII. 1 (14 courses)  (39) 
3. Major course requirements: (12 courses) (33)
  PSC 103 Constitutional Foundations of American Government 
  SOC 110 Introduction to Sociology 
  SOC 342 or ANT 351 Research Methods 
  CRJ 227 Introduction to Criminal Justice I 
  CRJ 228 Introduction to Criminal Justice II 
  CRJ 337 Violence and the Family 
CRJ 449 Criminal Law 
CRJ 450 Criminal Procedure 
CRJ 482 Criminal Justice Ethics 
  Criminal Justice Electives: three courses   
4. Free Electives (10 courses) (30)
Total   (40 courses) (120)

Recommended Schedule:


Fall           Spring      
Freshman Year      
ENG 101 3 ENG 102 3
SOC 110 3 PSC 103 3
AS 3 AS 3
AS 3 AS 3
AS 3 AS 3
Total 15 Total 15
 
Sophomore Year      
PHI 101 3 RST 101 3
CRJ 227 3 CRJ 228 3
AS 3 AS 3
Elective 3 CRJ Elective 3
Elective 3 Elective 3
Total 15 Total 15
 
Junior Year      
ANT Elective 3 CRJ Elective 3
CRJ 337 3 SOC 342 or ANT 351 3
AS 3 AS 3
AS 3 AS 3
Elective 3 Elective 3
Total 15 Total 15
 
Senior Year      
CRJ 449 3 CRJ 450 3
CRJ 482 3 AS 3
AS 3 Elective 3
Elective 3 Elective 3
Elective 3 Elective 3
Total 15 Total 15
    Total 120


Sociology Curriculum:

1. ENG 101, ENG 102, PHI 101, RST 101 (4 courses) (12)
2. Area Studies: Two courses from each of these areas: I, III, IV, V, VI, VIII and one course from Area VII1 (13 courses)  (39) 
3. Major course requirements: (11 courses) (33)
  SOC 110 Introduction to Sociology 
  SOC 111 Contemporary Social Problems 
  SOC 342 Research Methods 
  SOC 432 Theories in Sociology 
  MAT 131 Statistics and Computers 
  Sociology/Anthropology electives: six courses   
4. Free Electives (12 courses) (36)
Total   (40 courses) (120)

Recommended Schedule:


Fall              Spring     
Freshman Year      
ENG 101 3 ENG 102 3
SOC 110 3 SOC 111 3
AS 3 AS 3
AS 3 AS 3
AS 3 AS 3
Total 15 Total 15
 
Sophomore Year      
PHI 101 3 RST 101 3
SOC elective 3 SOC elective 3
AS 3 AS 3
Elective 3 AS 3
Elective 3 Elective 3
Total 15 Total 15
 
Junior Year      
SOC Elective 3 SOC Elective 3
MAT 131 3 SOC 342 3
AS 3 AS 3
Elective 3 AS 3
Elective 3 Elective 3
Total 15 Total 15
 
Senior Year      
SOC Elective 3 SOC 432 3
AS  3 SOC Elective 3
Elective 3 Elective 3
Elective 3 Elective 3
Elective 3 Elective 3
Total 15 Total 15
    Total 120

Minors

Anthropology Minor:
The Anthropology minor is designed for the student who is interested in the study of anthropology but is not able to complete the requirements of the major. It is highly appropriate for students in Biology, Art History, Classics, Education, or for any student interested in human diversity and prehistory.

ANT 121 Physical Anthropology     (3)
ANT 122 Cultural Anthropology  (3)
ANT 230 Introduction to Archeology  (3)
Anthropology electives: two Anthropology electives
approved by the student's Anthropology adviser
 
(6) 
Total (5 courses) (15)

Criminal Justice Minor:
The Criminal Justice minor is designed for students who have chosen another academic major (e.g. Psychology, Political Science) but who may have an academic and/or career interest in the area of criminal justice. Two courses are required. Four courses can be chosen from any of the criminal justice offerings, with at least one course at the 300 or 400 level.


CRJ 103 Constitutional Foundations of American Government   (3)
CRJ 110 Introductory to Sociology  (3)
CRJ elective (4 courses)  (12)
CRJ elective (300 or 400 level): one course  (3)
Total  (6 courses) (16)

Sociology Minor:
Sociology has a great deal to offer students from other disciplines who do not have room in their curriculum for a dual major. Pre-med students, business majors and education majors can all benefit from the insights into human behavior that come from a familiarity with sociological analysis.

SOC 110 Introduction to Sociology     (3)
SOC 111 Contemporary Social Problems (3)
Sociology electives: two courses at the 200-400 level
and one course at the 300-400 level
 
(9) 
Total (5 courses) (15)

COURSES: 2005 – 2007


ANT 121 (CSI 221) Biological Anthropology   3
Our species in nature: evolutionary theory, principles of heredity, population genetics, human variations, fossil hominids, primate classification and behavior studies. Formerly ANT 221. (AS I)


ANT 122 Sociocultural Anthropology   3
Explores importance of culture in explaining variation in human behavior and beliefs, looking at range of societies from “primitive” to modern industrial states. Formerly ANT 222. (AS II, ICD)


ANT 230 Introduction to Archeology   3
Old and New World sites provide insights into human lifestyles and modes of adaptation.


ANT 250 (LIN 250) Contemporary Linguistics  3
Conveys an understanding of the fundamentals of linguistic theory that contribute to a broader understanding of language.


ANT 261 (RST 221) Native American Religions   3
The nature of indigenous religions in Native American societies and the effects of culture change through contact with other cultures. (AS VII, ICD)


ANT 262 (RST 222) African Tribal Religions   3
The nature of indigenous religions in African societies, the relationship of these religions with African Christianity and Islam, and the influence of indigenous African religions on slave religions in America.  (AS VII, ICD)


ANT 310 Archaeology of North America   3
Examines evidence regarding the origins of the first inhabitants of North America, Mesoamerica, South America, and the Caribbean Islands followed by a survey of the archaeological record of different regions of North America. Emphasis placed on understanding adaptation over time of different groups to both their natural and social environment.


ANT 320 (CSI 320) Interpreting Evolution   3
Humankind within nature. Historical/critical survey of theories of evolution in science, philosophy and theology: Lamarck, Darwin, Huxley, Haeckel, Spencer, Bergson, Teilhard, Sagan, Gould.


ANT 329 (COM 329, GRN 329) Cross Cultural Communication and Aging   3
The relationship between culture and communication. Aging is a thematic focus for examining differences among North American, East Asian, African and Polynesian cultures.


ANT 330 Field Work in Archeology   3
Includes on-site lectures, excavation techniques, laboratory preparations and short-term research.


ANT 333 Forensic Anthropology   3
Anthropological methods and information used to survey the origin and history of crime science. Emphasis on the use of well-known case studies in order to understand and appreciate the value of forensic investigation.


ANT 351 Qualitative Research Methods   3
Survey of research designs from a qualitative perspective, including field research, participant observation, content analysis, ethnomethodology and focus groups. Analysis and reporting of qualitative data.


ANT 399 Field Work   3
Offers practical experience in a variety of social situations and cultural settings. Observations and research logs are used to provide a basis for analysis. Prerequisite: Permission of department chair.


ANT 451 Theoretical Anthropology   3
Survey of the major theories in anthropology that have played a leading role in shaping how we look at the history and diversity of our biological species, as well as other human societies with different cultures. Examines evolutionism, structuralism, functionalism, diffusionism, configurationalism and modern social or applied anthropology.


ANT 499 Individual Reading and Research   3
For the student with capacity for independent research. Individual projects directed by a member of the departmental faculty. One or two semesters. Prerequisite: Permission of department chair and faculty member who will direct the research.


CRJ 101 (PSC 101) American Government and Politics I   3
Politics in the context of the American political system. Constitutional framework, public opinion, interest groups, political parties, campaigns and elections. (AS II)


CRJ 103 (PSC 103) Constitutional Foundations of American Government   3
Compares the constitutional provisions for federalism and the legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government with the development of these aspects of American government. (AS II)


CRJ 227 (PSC 227)  Criminal Justice I   3
Criminal justice system; justification for punishment, the police, constitutional rights, the prosecuting and defense attorney.


CRJ 228 (PSC 228)  Criminal Justice II   3
Trial, guilty pleas, sentencing, corrections; the extent and causes of crime and proposals for change and reform.


CRJ 237 (PSC 237 URS 237)  State and Local Politics   3
The institutions and policies of state and local governments, with focus on New York State.  State and local elections, gubernatorial politics, state legislatures, community politics.


CRJ 254 Crime and Society   3
Theoretical explanations for criminal behavior. Ideas developed for prevention, treatment and punishment of criminal behavior. Both classical and contemporary approaches in criminological thought.


CRJ 303 (PSY 303) Abnormal Psychology  3
Overview of psychopathology: history, assessment, causes, DSM-IV, clinical symptoms and treatment. Review of major DSM-IV disorders with an emphasis on adults.


CRJ 307 (PSY 307) Adolescent Psychology   3
Physiological, psychological and emotional factors in achieving maturity. Extension of theoretical orientation to adolescent problems. Emphasis on real world problems and solutions.


CRJ 310 - The Death Penalty in the United States   3
Examine the practice of capital punishment in the United States including the history of capital punishment, the procedural rules that govern the imposition of the death penalty and the United States Supreme Court cases in the area are considered.


CRJ 320 (PSC 320) American Constitutional Law I   3
Development of constitutional law in the U.S. from the founding of the Republic to present. Case-study method in selected areas of constitutional jurisprudence.


CRJ 321 (PSC 321) American Constitutional Law II: Civil Liberties   3
Role of modern and contemporary Supreme Court in controversial areas of civil liberties and related questions. Current interpretations of Bill of Rights and Fourteenth Amendment.


CRJ 334 (PSY 334) Child, Family & Community Psychology  3
Effects of social and non-social environments on emotions, thoughts and behaviors. Psychological reactions and adjustments to the nature of community life. Deals with social problems such as AIDS, alcoholism and child and elder abuse.


CRJ 337 (WST 337)Violence and the Family  3
How family dynamics can contain elements that give rise to violence, including “battered women” and abused children. Formerly SOC 437.


CRJ 343 Law and Society  3
The social forces influencing law, focusing on relationship between law, custom and morality. Emphasis on problem areas where law is ineffective. Formerly SOC 443.


CRJ 344 Violent Crime in American Society   3
The nature of violence as a social act and problems in obtaining data on violence. Family violence, effects of the media and collective violence. Formerly SOC 444.


CRJ 345 (PSC 345) International Crime After 9/11    3
Concepts and issues in cross-border organized crime. National, international and local responses. Emphasis on drug trafficking, terrorism and illegal immigration. Guest speakers and video. Prerequisites: PSC 140-150 or CRJ 227-228 or permission of instructor.


CRJ 351 Police and the Community   3
How changes in community standards affect the business of policing. Topics include use of force and private policing.


CRJ 352 (PSC 341) Comparative Criminal Justice Institutions   3
Examination of police organizations, border guards and prison systems in variety of countries. Comparative analysis of contending approaches to common problems. Focus on Western industrialized countries and new democracies.


CRJ 354 Juvenile Delinquency   3
Analyzed as distinct phenomenon related to, yet separate from, the crime problem. Legal processes in delinquency field. Suggested programs for rehabilitation and prevention of delinquency. Formerly SOC 454.


CRJ 356 Treatment of Offenders I   3
Correction theory, offender typologies and nature and diagnosis of offenders.


CRJ 357 Treatment of Offenders II   3
Current and future trends in dealing with criminal offenders. Topics include use of intermediate sanctions, such as community service, as an alternate to incarceration.


CRJ 358 White Collar Crime   3
Crimes committed by “respectable people” in positions of responsibility in private or public sector. Nature of these crimes, how regulatory bodies and legal systems treat these criminals and how they seek to avoid detection and prosecution.


CRJ 359  (WST 359) Women and Crime   3
Classical and contemporary accounts of the etiology of female crime, patterns of female criminal behavior and the role and treatment of women in the criminal justice system.


CRJ 361 (HIS 361) Origins of American Constitutionalism   3
Sources of political ideology and constitutional theory in the American experience from its 17th century beginnings until the Civil War. Recommended for pre-law students.


CRJ 362 (HIS 362) The Constitution in an Age of Crisis   3
American Constitutional theory and practice from Civil War to present. Emphasis on Supreme Court development, economic relationships, civil liberties, civil rights and criminal justice.


CRJ 367 (HIS 367) Slavery   3
An overview of the 500-year African diaspora to the New World. Considers African origins, the Middle Passage, slavery in the Americas (including urban, northern, and Latin American), free blacks, abolitionism and the Civil War. Special emphasis on culture, women and families, and the law.


CRJ 369 (PSY 369) Forensic Psychology   3
Psychology’s role in legal system; criminal behavior; trial process (competency evaluation, psychologists as expert witnesses, jury selection, jury deliberation, insanity defense); law enforcement and corrections; family law (divorce, domestic violence, child custody).


CRJ 370 (PSC 370) Crime and Punishment in American History   3
Infamous crimes from the Puritan witch-hunts to today’s murder trials. Changing trends in punishments from chain gangs and public hangings to juvenile courts. Creation of prisons, asylums and police forces.


CRJ 382 (PSY 382) Drugs and Behavior   3
Actions of drugs on brain, mind, behavior. Past and current patterns of abuse. Current techniques for helping abusers. Legal and medical aspects of recreational drug use.


CRJ 449 Criminal Law   3
The substantive criminal law, including offences against persons, property and public morality with emphasis on New York State Penal Law. Criminal responsibility and defenses. Prerequisites: CRJ 227, CRJ 228.


CRJ 450 Criminal Procedure   3
Key Supreme Court decisions on search and seizure, arrest, interrogation and identification of criminal suspects. Sentencing and punishment, appeal and post-conviction relief. Emphasis on New York law.  Prerequisites: CRJ 227, CRJ 228.


CRJ 482 Criminal Justice Ethics   3
The personal, social and criminal justice contexts for understanding justice, crime and ethics. Skills necessary to deal effectively with ethical issues in criminal justice systems. Problems and case studies for active exploration of social issues. Prerequisites: CRJ 227, CRJ 228.


CRJ 498 Criminal Justice Internship   3
Opportunity for selected students to participate in daily work in a law enforcement agency. Students must apply the semester before they take the internship. Prerequisites: Background check; G.P.A. of at least 2.75; junior or senior status; signature of major advisor.


CRJ 499 Individual Reading and Research   3
For the student with capacity for independent research; individual projects under the direction of a member of the program faculty. One or two semesters. Prerequisite: Junior or senior status; signature of major advisor.


SOC 110 Introduction to Sociology   3
Topics include theory, methods, culture, socialization, race and ethnicity, groups and organizations and social inequality; analysis of everyday events, using sociological imagination. (AS II)


SOC 111 Contemporary Social Problems   3
Exploration of several selected social problems from competing points of view, emphasizing some of the sociological concepts employed in analyzing these problems. (AS II)


SOC 234 Environment and Society   3
Develops an understanding of connections between environmental issues and their social causes through discussion of topics such as environmental law, environmental health, risk and medical knowledge, uncertainty, and natural resource use and the role of the state and globalization in environmental problems. Various solutions will be discussed including the role of social movements, sustainability and politics as tools for addressing the state of our natural environment.


SOC 255 (GRN 255, PSY 255)  Introduction to Human Services   3
This course focuses on the social and psychological forces involved in providing human services (with an emphasis on dimensions of providing services will be covered along with the values and social roles inherent in any care-giving situation. The course also examines the conflicts and problems that arise between care givers and recipients.


SOC 291 (WST 291) Gender and Society   3
Exploration of origin of gender roles; socialization into masculine and feminine roles; intersection of gender and social institutions such as family, work and education.


SOC 305 (GRN 305, PHI 305) Time and the Human Condition   3
See PHI 305.


SOC 321 (GRN 321, PSY 321) Ethics and Human Services  3
See GRN 321.


SOC 324 Visual Sociology  3
Emphasizes a visual approach to learning and understanding  sociological concepts. Relies on visual media (films, photographic collections, maps, broadcast news segments, etc.) as a means of illustrating core ideas in sociology such as inequality, gender roles and norms, race relations, environment, family structure, among others.


SOC 330 Medical Sociology   3
The social aspects of health, illness, and health care. Epidemiology, the experience of illness, the evolving health care industry and a comparison of alternative and traditional medicine.


SOC 331 Population and Society   3
Demographic causes and effects of contemporary social issues, such as overpopulation, immigration, urbanization and the spread of AIDS.


SOC 333 (GRN 333, PSY 333) Foundations of Social Gerontology   3
See GRN 333.


SOC 340 (URS 340) Urban Sociology   3
This course traces the origins of cities, beginning in prehistory, through the growth of the mega-cities of the third world occurring now. We will consider immigration, suburbanization, urban sprawl, and globalization. This course includes a service learning component which can be fulfilled in two ways, either participating in the Alternative Spring Break program through Campus Ministry, or by performing 40 hours of service with a Buffalo organization or agency.


SOC 341 Race and Ethnic Relations   3
Competition and conflict in American society as related to racial and ethnic minorities. Patterns of prejudice and discrimination. Techniques for reduction of prejudice and discrimination.


SOC 342 (PSC 217, URS 350) Research Methods   3
Techniques of sociological investigation, and relationships of theory and research. Survey of methods used in the social sciences.


SOC 350 (GRN 350) Programs and Policies for the Aging   3
Review of issues dealing with public policy and programs affecting the elderly.


SOC 355 Deviant Behavior   3
Problems of deviance from a societal and organizational perspective. Current examples of social pressures on “marginal persons” within given social systems. Formerly SOC 455.


SOC 372 Sociology of Mental Illness   3
Defining mental disorder, causes of mental disorder, mental disorder as deviant behavior, mental disorder and the law, social epidemiology.


SOC 390 (WST 390) Marriage and Family   3
History of the family as a social institution; understanding recent trends in relationships, marriage, divorce, childbearing and childrearing; work-family conflict; family policy. (AS II)


SOC 432 Theories in Sociology   3
Theory tries to make sense of problematic aspects of the social world. This course is a survey of major social theorists and modern theoretical schools in sociology and their contributions to understanding phenomena such as the rise of individualism, urbanization, industrialization and the secularization of society. Required for majors, to be taken n the senior year.


SOC 498 Internship   3
Prerequisite: Instructor’s signature.


SOC 499 Individual Reading and Research   3
For the student with capacity for independent research, individual projects under the direction of member of departmental faculty. One or two semesters. Prerequisite: Permission of department chair and faculty member who will direct the research.



1 Area II is automatically fulfilled because this program is in the social sciences. One course in Area VII is fulfilled by the mathematics requirement.